Fibrosis
Human and Mouse
Uncover the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, identify biomarkers of progression, and develop signatures for therapeutic response with the nCounter Fibrosis Panel. Profile 770 genes across 51 annotated pathways involved in the 4 stages of fibrosis: initiation, inflammation, proliferation, and modification. This gene expression panel combines hundreds of genes involved in the initial tissue damage response, chronic inflammation, proliferation of pro-fibrotic cells, and tissue modification that leads to fibrotic disease of the lungs, heart, liver, kidney, and skin.
Benefits
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Details & data
Key applications include:
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Cirrhosis
- Chronic hepatitis C infection
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Renal fibrosis
- Scleroderma
- Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy
- Scleromyxedma
- Scleredema
- Eosinophilic fasciitis
- Cardiomyopathy
- Ischemic heart disease
Gene Coverage Across the Four Stages of Fibrosis
| Stage | Description | Pathways | # Human Genes | # Mouse Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Cell and tissue damage, often specific to an organ or fibrotic disease, initiates a cascade of stress and immune responses. | Autophagy, Cholesterol Metabolism, Cytosolic DNA Sensing, De Novo Lipogenesis, Endotoxin Response, Fatty Acid Metabolism, Gluconeogenesis, Insulin Resistance/Signaling, MAPK Cell Stress, mTOR, Oxidative Stress, PPAR Signaling, Proteotoxic Stress, SASP | 369 | 369 |
| Inflammation | Inflammation is one of many responses to the initial damage, involving multiple immune cell types and signaling pathways. Chronic inflammation drives the proliferation of pro-fibrotic cells and tissue modification. | Adenosine Pathway, Chemokine Signaling, Complement Activation, Cytokine Signaling, Granulocyte Activity, Inflammasome, M1/M2 Activation, MHC Class II Antigen Presentation, Neutrophil Degranulation, NF-kB, Phagocytic Cell Function, Platelet Degranulation, Th1/ Th2/Th17 Differentiation, TLR Signaling, Type I/Type II Interferon | 297 | 297 |
| Proliferation | Differentiation and proliferation of myofibroblasts are driven by upstream inflammation. These cells drive the wound-healing response that results in fibrotic damage. | Cell Cycle, ECM Synthesis, EMT, Focal Adhesion Kinase, Hedgehog Signaling, Hypoxia, Myofibroblast Regulation, Notch, PDGF Signaling, PI3K-Akt, TgfBeta, Wnt | 159 | 161 |
| Modification | Immune and myofibroblast cells contribute to extracellular matrix modification and tissue alterations that are characteristic of fibrotic disease. | Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, Collagen Biosynthesis & Modification, ECM Degradation, Epigenetic Modification, Hippo Pathway, Regulated Necrosis | 287 | 287 |
Fibrosis Panel Functional Annotations
Functional annotations for different pathways and processes were assigned to the genes in the Fibrosis Panel. The pathways and processes that are included in this panel provide a comprehensive view of the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease.
| Annotation | # Human Genes | # Mouse Genes | Annotation | # Human Genes | # Mouse Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenosine Pathway | 51 | 53 | M1 Activation | 12 | 12 |
| Angiogenesis | 37 | 37 | M2 Activation | 12 | 12 |
| Autophagy | 39 | 39 | MAPK Cell Stress | 67 | 67 |
| Cell Cycle | 49 | 49 | MHC Class II Antigen Presentation | 16 | 15 |
| Chemokine Signaling | 23 | 22 | mTOR | 36 | 36 |
| Cholesterol Metabolism | 26 | 24 | Myofibroblast Regulation | 25 | 25 |
| Collagen Biosynthesis & Modification | 27 | 27 | Neutrophil Degranulation | 67 | 73 |
| Complement Activation | 22 | 19 | NF-kB | 41 | 40 |
| Cytokine Signaling | 60 | 58 | Notch | 20 | 20 |
| De Novo Lipogenesis | 20 | 20 | Oxidative Stress | 18 | 18 |
| ECM Degradation | 42 | 44 | PDGF Signaling | 29 | 29 |
| ECM Synthesis | 38 | 38 | Phagocytic Cell Function | 27 | 27 |
| EMT | 88 | 88 | PI3K-Akt | 89 | 89 |
| Endotoxin Response | 42 | 41 | Platelet Degranulation | 33 | 34 |
| Epigenetic Modification | 24 | 24 | PPAR Signaling | 28 | 33 |
| Fatty Acid Metabolism | 55 | 57 | Programmed Cell Death | 41 | 41 |
| Focal Adhesion Kinase | 49 | 49 | Proteotoxic Stress | 43 | 43 |
| Glucogenesis | 20 | 19 | SASP | 15 | 15 |
| Granulocyte Activity | 34 | 34 | TGF-beta | 38 | 38 |
| Hedgehog Signaling | 24 | 24 | Th1 Differentiation | 13 | 13 |
| Hippo Pathway | 13 | 13 | Th17 Differentiation | 24 | 24 |
| Hypoxia | 16 | 16 | Th2 Differentiation | 13 | 13 |
| Inflammasome | 32 | 32 | TLR Signaling | 63 | 62 |
| Insulin Resistance | 38 | 38 | Type I Interferon | 24 | 31 |
| Insulin Signaling | 16 | 16 | Type II Interferon | 30 | 37 |
| Internal Reference Genes | 10 | 10 | Wnt | 38 | 38 |
Immune Cell Profiling
Genes included in the Human Fibrosis Panel provide unique cell profiling data to measure the relative abundance of 14 different human immune cell types . The table below summarizes each cell type represented by gene content in the panel, as qualified through biostatistical approaches and selected literature in the field of immunology.
| Cell Type | Associated Human Genes | Cell Type | Associated Human Genes |
|---|---|---|---|
| B cells | BLK, CD19, MS4A1, TNFRSF17, FCRL2, KIAA0125/FAM30A, PNOC, SPIB, TCL1A | Mast Cells | 4MS4A2, TPSAB1, CPA3, HDC, TPSB2 |
| CD45 | CD45 | Neutrophils | CSF3R, S100A12, CEACAM3, FCAR, FCGR3A, FCGR3B, FPR1, SIGLEC5 |
| CD8 T cells | CD8A, CD8B | NK CD56dim cells | IL21R, KIR2DL3, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2 |
| Cytotoxic cells | CTSW, GNLY, GZMA, GZMB, GZMH, KLRB1, KLRD1, KLRK1, PRF1, NKG7 | NK cells | NCR1, XCL2, XCL1 |
| Dendritic cells | CCL13, CD209, HSD11B1 | T cells | CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, CD6, SH2D1A, TRAT1 |
| Exhausted CD8 | CD244, EOMES, LAG3, PTGER4 | Th1 cells | TBX21 |
| Macrophages | CD163, CD68, CD84, MS4A4A | Treg | FOXP3 |
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